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Designed for the launch of the Third Liberty Loan, this image celebrates naval and aerial power, depicting a shipyard with a battleship under construction and planes buzzing around it. Gift of Warren Wilson and David Van BuskirkĪmerican author, artist, and illustrator Joseph Pennell (1857- 1926) made some of the best-known posters of the War. ALA posters creatively promoted the value of reading: here, a soldier scales a stairway of books labeled with useful professions that he could presumably enter as soon as the War was over.)įacsimile of a poster in the Art Collection
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mobilized for war, the American Library Association recognized the need for free books, raising money to establish 32 libraries at training camps and later at the Front. (Illustration: Dan Smith, Knowledge Wins, 1917-18, color poster. After four years of horrific combat, Germany and the Central Powers were defeated, and the guns on the Western Front fell silent on November 11, 1918, at 11 AM. After bitter debate, the United States declared war on Germany on April 6, 1917. Lusitania and the death of 128 Americans, and Germany’s refusal to abide by international agreements restricting submarine warfare, Wilson was convinced that he had no other recourse. However, after many provocations, including the sinking of R.M.S. In the United States, Woodrow Wilson won his second term as president with a pledge to keep the country out of war. After failed negotiations, the Central Powers and the Allied Powers, which included France, the British Empire, Russia, and later the United States, serially declared war on one another and at the beginning of August 1914 Germany invaded neutral Belgium and Luxembourg on a failed quest to defeat France. When young Serbian anarchist Gavrilo Princip assassinated the Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary and his wife Sophie on their visit to Sarajevo on June 28, 1914, the tipping point was reached.
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None of these empires, the Central Powers Germany, Austria-Hungary,and Ottoman Turkey, nor the Allied Power Russia, would survive the War. Among many other issues, questions of superiority at sea, colonies, industrial production, ethnic boundaries, and personal and historical enmities created discord among the four competitive empires that ruled the European continent and the Middle East. In 1914, the nations of Europe were intertwined in a network of alliances that complicated already precarious relations.